RELAÇÃO ENTRE COVID-19 E O MAIOR RISCO DE DESENVOLVIMENTO DE DOENÇA DE KAWASAKI EM CRIANÇAS: UMA REVISÃO SISTEMÁTICA

Mariana Campello Nunes; Priscilla Gonçalves Lomardo; Telma Regina da Silva Aguiar; Priscila Ladeira Casado

Palavras-chave:

Resumo

Desde dezembro de 2019, quando os primeiros relatos de uma nova infecção respiratória começaram a aparecer na China, houve um aumento geral no número de casos ao redor do mundo. Em fevereiro de 2020, a Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS) nomeou esta nova condição de COVID-19, do inglês Corona Virus Disease 2019. Em adultos, os sintomas mais comuns da COVID-19 são tosse, febre, rinorreia, fadiga, mialgia e diarreia, podendo evoluir para quadros mais graves de complicações respiratórias, com alta taxa de mortalidade. Em crianças, o envolvimento respiratório parece ter um curso mais benigno, com quase nenhuma fatalidade sendo reportada nesta faixa etária. A doença de Kawasaki foi primeiramente observada em crianças japonesas que apresentavam os mesmos sinais e sintomas clínicos de febre que durava mais de cinco dias, descamação das mãos e dos pés, alterações da mucosa oral, conjuntivite bilateral, edema e linfadenopatia cervical. Recentemente, foram relatados inúmeros casos de crianças que estavam apresentando características clínicas que se assemelhavam à doença de Kawasaki durante a pandemia da COVID-19. Acredita-se que haja uma relação entre COVID-19 e o maior risco de desenvolvimento de doença de Kawasaki em crianças. Neste trabalho, realizamos uma revisão sistemática sobre essa relação e notamos que ainda é incerto afirmar se a COVID-19 pode levar ao desenvolvimento dessa doença ou não e que mais estudos são necessários para comprovar tal hipótese.
Referências
1. Acharyya, B. C.; Acharyya, S.; Das, D. (2020) Novel coronavirus mimicking Kawasaki disease in an infant. Indian Pediatrics, 57 (8), 753-754.
2. Alexoudi, I. et al. (2011). Kawasaki disease: current aspects on aetiopathogenesis and therapeutic management. Autoimmunity reviews, 10 (9), 544-547.
3. Bar-Meir, M. et al. (2021). Characterizing the differences between multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children and Kawasaki disease. Scientific Reports, 11 (1), 13840.
4. Bitsadze, V. O. et al. (2022). Novel coronavirus infection and Kawasaki disease. The journal of maternal-fetal & neonatal medicine, 35 (16), 3044–3048.
5. Bhuiyan, M. U. et al. (2021). Epidemiology of COVID-19 infection in young children under five years: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Vaccine, 39 (4), 667–677.
6. Carreras‐Presas, C.M. et al. (2021). Oral vesiculobullous lesions associated with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. Oral Diseases, Suppl 3 (Suppl 3), 710-712.
7. Cavallo, F.; Chiarelli, F. (2020). An Outbreak of Kawasaki-like Disease in children during SARS-CoV- 2 Epidemic: No Surprise? Acta bio-medica: Atenei Parmensis, 91 (3), e2020015.
8. Chien, K.-J. et al. (2024). Risks of Kawasaki disease and multisystem inflammatory syndrome in pediatric patients with COVID-19 infection: A TriNetX based cohort study. Journal of the Chinese Medical Association: JCMA, 87 (9), 861–869.
9. Choi, J.-W. (2020). Can we get a clue for the etiology of Kawasaki disease in the COVID-19 pandemic? Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics, 63 (9), 335–336.
10. Ebina-Shibuya, R. et al. (2020). Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) with COVID-19: Insights from simultaneous familial Kawasaki Disease cases. International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 97, 371-373.
11. Esper, F. et al. (2005). Association between a Novel Human Coronavirus and Kawasaki Disease. International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 191 (4), 499–502.
12. Falah, N. U. et al. (2020). Kawasaki Disease-Like Features in 10 Pediatric COVID-19 Cases: A Retrospective Study. Cureus, 12 (10), e11035.
13. Gómez, J. et al. (2020). Angiotensin-converting enzymes (ACE, ACE2) gene variants and COVID-19 outcome. Gene, 762, 145102.
14. Guo M. M.‐H. et al. (2015). Th17‐ and Treg‐related cytokine and mRNA expression are associated with acute and resolving Kawasaki disease. Allergy, 70 (3), 310–318.
15. Hosseini, N.; Nadjafi, S.; Ashtary, B. (2021). Overview of COVID-19 and neurological complications. Reviews in the Neurosciences, 32 (6), 671-691.
16. Huang, S.-H. et al. (2020). Adenovirus Infection and Subsequent Risk of Kawasaki Disease. Journal of the Chinese Medical Association, 83 (3), 302-306.
17. Iio, K. et al. (2021). Incidence of Kawasaki disease before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: a retrospective cohort study in Japan. BMJ Paediatrics Open, 5 (1), e001034.
18. Jones, V. et al. (2020). Pre-publication Release COVID-19 and Kawasaki Disease: Novel Virus and Novel Case. Hosp Pediatr, 10 (6), 537-540.
19. Jia, S. et al. (2010). The T helper type 17/regulatory T cell imbalance in patients with acute Kawasaki disease. Clinical & Experimental Immunology, 162 (1), 131–137.
20. Kam, K-Q.; Ong, J. S. M.; Lee, J. H. (2020). Kawasaki disease in the COVID-19 era: a distinct clinical phenotype? The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health, 4 (9), 642–643.
21. Komatsu H; Fujisawa T. (2008). Kawasaki disease and infection. Nihon Rinsho. Japanese Journal of Clinical Medicine, 66 (2), 278-282.
22. Khan, I.; Sarwar, A.; Ahmed, Z. (2020). Atypical Case of COVID-19 Associated Kawasaki Disease in an Eight-Year-Old Pakistani Boy. Cureus, 12 (9), e10670.
23. Kikuta, H. et al. (1993). Detection of Epstein-Barr virus DNA in cardiac and aortic tissues from chronic, active Epstein-Barr virus infection associated with Kawasaki disease-like coronary artery aneurysms. The Journal of Pediatrics, 123 (1), 90–92.
24. Kontopoulou, T. et al. (2015). Adult Kawasaki disease in a European patient: a case report and review of the literature. Journal of Medical Case Reports, 9, 75.
25. Kumrah, R. et al. (2020). Immunogenetics of Kawasaki disease. Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology, 59 (1), 122–139.
26. Masih, M.; Moll, S.; Raza, N. (2020). Paediatric case of prolonged COVID-19 manifesting as PMIS-TS and atypical Kawasaki. BMJ Case Reports, 13 (9), e237194.
27. Molloy, E. J. et al. (2023). Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) and neonates (MIS-N) associated with COVID-19: optimizing definition and management. Pediatric Research, 93 (6), 1499-1508.
28. Moreira, A. et al. (2021) Demographic predictors of hospitalization and mortality in US children with COVID-19. European Journal of Pediatrics, 180 (5), 1659–1663.
29. Onouchi, Y. et al. (2008) ITPKC functional polymorphism associated with Kawasaki disease susceptibility and formation of coronary artery aneurysms. Nature Genetics, 40 (1), 35–42.
30. Onouchi, Y. The genetics of Kawasaki disease. International Journal of Rheumatic Diseases, 2 (1), 26–30.
31. Peterson, N. et al. (2020). Discovering Associations: Kawasaki Disease and COVID-19. Case Reports in Pediatrics, 2020, e8880242.
32. Pouletty, M. et al. (2020). Paediatric multisystem inflammatory syndrome temporally associated with SARS-CoV-2 mimicking Kawasaki disease (Kawa-COVID-19): a multicentre cohort. Annals of the rheumatic diseases, 79 (8), 999–1006.
33. Rivera-Figueroa, E. I. et al. (2020). Incomplete Kawasaki Disease in a Child with COVID-19. Indian Pediatrics, 57 (7), 680–681.
34. Raut, S. et al. (2020). Incomplete Kawasaki Disease as Presentation of COVID-19 Infection in an Infant: A Case Report. Journal of Tropical Pediatrics, 67 (3), fmaa047.
35. Rowley, A.H. et al. (2004). Detection of antigen in bronchial epithelium and macrophages in acute Kawasaki disease by use of synthetic antibody. J Infect Dis, 190 (4), 856-65.
36. Sancho-shimizu, V. et al. (2021). SARS-CoV-2–related MIS-C: A key to the viral and genetic causes of Kawasaki disease? Journal of Experimental Medicine, 218 (6), e20210446.
37. Shahriarirad, R.; Dashti, A.S.; Ghotbabadi, S.H. (2021). Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome with Features of Atypical Kawasaki Disease during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Case Reports in Pediatrics, 2021, 9950588.
38. Sharma, C. et al. (2021). Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children and Kawasaki disease: a critical comparison. Nature Reviews: Rheumatology, 17 (12), 731-748.
39. Turnier, J. L. et al. (2015). Concurrent Respiratory Viruses and Kawasaki Disease. Pediatrics, 136 (3), e609–e614.
40. Uehara, R.; Belay, E. D. (2012). Epidemiology of Kawasaki Disease in Asia, Europe, and the United States. Journal of Epidemiology, 22 (2), 79–85.
41. Verdoni, L. et al. (2020). An outbreak of severe Kawasaki-like disease at the Italian epicentre of the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic: an observational cohort study. Lancet, 395(10239):1771-1778.
42. Xu, H. et al. (2020). High expression of ACE2 receptor of 2019-nCoV on the epithelial cells of oral mucosa. International Journal of Oral Science, 12 (1), 8.
43. Zhou, P. et al. (2020). A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin. Nature, 579 (7798), 270-273.
44. Zhu, N. et al. (2020). A Novel Coronavirus from Patients with Pneumonia in China, 2019. New England Journal of Medicine, 382 (8), 727-733.
45. Zhu, F.; Ang, J. Y. (2021). 2021 Update on the Clinical Management and Diagnosis of Kawasaki Disease. Current Infectious Disease Reports, 23 (3), 3.

Este trabalho está licenciado sob uma licença Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

Como citar

Campello Nunes, M., Gonçalves Lomardo, P., da Silva Aguiar, T. R., & Ladeira Casado, P. (2025). RELAÇÃO ENTRE COVID-19 E O MAIOR RISCO DE DESENVOLVIMENTO DE DOENÇA DE KAWASAKI EM CRIANÇAS: UMA REVISÃO SISTEMÁTICA. Derecho Y Cambio Social, 22(79). Recuperado de https://derechoycambiosocial.org/index.php/revista/article/view/113

[1] Acharyya, B. C.; Acharyya, S.; Das, D. (2020) Novel coronavirus mimicking Kawasaki disease in an infant. Indian Pediatrics, 57 (8), 753-754.

[2] Alexoudi, I. et al. (2011). Kawasaki disease: current aspects on aetiopathogenesis and therapeutic management. Autoimmunity reviews, 10 (9), 544-547.

[3] Bar-Meir, M. et al. (2021). Characterizing the differences between multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children and Kawasaki disease. Scientific Reports, 11 (1), 13840.

[4] Bitsadze, V. O. et al. (2022). Novel coronavirus infection and Kawasaki disease. The journal of maternal-fetal & neonatal medicine, 35 (16), 3044–3048.

[5] Bhuiyan, M. U. et al. (2021). Epidemiology of COVID-19 infection in young children under five years: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Vaccine, 39 (4), 667–677.

[6] Carreras‐Presas, C.M. et al. (2021). Oral vesiculobullous lesions associated with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. Oral Diseases, Suppl 3 (Suppl 3), 710-712.

[7] Cavallo, F.; Chiarelli, F. (2020). An Outbreak of Kawasaki-like Disease in children during SARS-CoV- 2 Epidemic: No Surprise? Acta bio-medica: Atenei Parmensis, 91 (3), e2020015.

[8] Chien, K.-J. et al. (2024). Risks of Kawasaki disease and multisystem inflammatory syndrome in pediatric patients with COVID-19 infection: A TriNetX based cohort study. Journal of the Chinese Medical Association: JCMA, 87 (9), 861–869.

[9] Choi, J.-W. (2020). Can we get a clue for the etiology of Kawasaki disease in the COVID-19 pandemic? Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics, 63 (9), 335–336.

[10] Ebina-Shibuya, R. et al. (2020). Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) with COVID-19: Insights from simultaneous familial Kawasaki Disease cases. International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 97, 371-373.

[11] Esper, F. et al. (2005). Association between a Novel Human Coronavirus and Kawasaki Disease. International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 191 (4), 499–502.

[12] Falah, N. U. et al. (2020). Kawasaki Disease-Like Features in 10 Pediatric COVID-19 Cases: A Retrospective Study. Cureus, 12 (10), e11035.

[13] Gómez, J. et al. (2020). Angiotensin-converting enzymes (ACE, ACE2) gene variants and COVID-19 outcome. Gene, 762, 145102.

[14] Guo M. M.‐H. et al. (2015). Th17‐ and Treg‐related cytokine and mRNA expression are associated with acute and resolving Kawasaki disease. Allergy, 70 (3), 310–318.

[15] Hosseini, N.; Nadjafi, S.; Ashtary, B. (2021). Overview of COVID-19 and neurological complications. Reviews in the Neurosciences, 32 (6), 671-691.

[16] Huang, S.-H. et al. (2020). Adenovirus Infection and Subsequent Risk of Kawasaki Disease. Journal of the Chinese Medical Association, 83 (3), 302-306.

[17] Iio, K. et al. (2021). Incidence of Kawasaki disease before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: a retrospective cohort study in Japan. BMJ Paediatrics Open, 5 (1), e001034.

[18] Jones, V. et al. (2020). Pre-publication Release COVID-19 and Kawasaki Disease: Novel Virus and Novel Case. Hosp Pediatr, 10 (6), 537-540.

[19] Jia, S. et al. (2010). The T helper type 17/regulatory T cell imbalance in patients with acute Kawasaki disease. Clinical & Experimental Immunology, 162 (1), 131–137.

[20] Kam, K-Q.; Ong, J. S. M.; Lee, J. H. (2020). Kawasaki disease in the COVID-19 era: a distinct clinical phenotype? The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health, 4 (9), 642–643.

[21] Komatsu H; Fujisawa T. (2008). Kawasaki disease and infection. Nihon Rinsho. Japanese Journal of Clinical Medicine, 66 (2), 278-282.

[22] Khan, I.; Sarwar, A.; Ahmed, Z. (2020). Atypical Case of COVID-19 Associated Kawasaki Disease in an Eight-Year-Old Pakistani Boy. Cureus, 12 (9), e10670.

[23] Kikuta, H. et al. (1993). Detection of Epstein-Barr virus DNA in cardiac and aortic tissues from chronic, active Epstein-Barr virus infection associated with Kawasaki disease-like coronary artery aneurysms. The Journal of Pediatrics, 123 (1), 90–92.

[24] Kontopoulou, T. et al. (2015). Adult Kawasaki disease in a European patient: a case report and review of the literature. Journal of Medical Case Reports, 9, 75.

[25] Kumrah, R. et al. (2020). Immunogenetics of Kawasaki disease. Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology, 59 (1), 122–139.

[26] Masih, M.; Moll, S.; Raza, N. (2020). Paediatric case of prolonged COVID-19 manifesting as PMIS-TS and atypical Kawasaki. BMJ Case Reports, 13 (9), e237194.

[27] Molloy, E. J. et al. (2023). Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) and neonates (MIS-N) associated with COVID-19: optimizing definition and management. Pediatric Research, 93 (6), 1499-1508.

[28] Moreira, A. et al. (2021) Demographic predictors of hospitalization and mortality in US children with COVID-19. European Journal of Pediatrics, 180 (5), 1659–1663.

[29] Onouchi, Y. et al. (2008) ITPKC functional polymorphism associated with Kawasaki disease susceptibility and formation of coronary artery aneurysms. Nature Genetics, 40 (1), 35–42.

[30] Onouchi, Y. The genetics of Kawasaki disease. International Journal of Rheumatic Diseases, 2 (1), 26–30.

[31] Peterson, N. et al. (2020). Discovering Associations: Kawasaki Disease and COVID-19. Case Reports in Pediatrics, 2020, e8880242.

[32] Pouletty, M. et al. (2020). Paediatric multisystem inflammatory syndrome temporally associated with SARS-CoV-2 mimicking Kawasaki disease (Kawa-COVID-19): a multicentre cohort. Annals of the rheumatic diseases, 79 (8), 999–1006.

[33] Rivera-Figueroa, E. I. et al. (2020). Incomplete Kawasaki Disease in a Child with COVID-19. Indian Pediatrics, 57 (7), 680–681.

[34] Raut, S. et al. (2020). Incomplete Kawasaki Disease as Presentation of COVID-19 Infection in an Infant: A Case Report. Journal of Tropical Pediatrics, 67 (3), fmaa047.

[35] Rowley, A.H. et al. (2004). Detection of antigen in bronchial epithelium and macrophages in acute Kawasaki disease by use of synthetic antibody. J Infect Dis, 190 (4), 856-65.

[36] Sancho-shimizu, V. et al. (2021). SARS-CoV-2–related MIS-C: A key to the viral and genetic causes of Kawasaki disease? Journal of Experimental Medicine, 218 (6), e20210446.

[37] Shahriarirad, R.; Dashti, A.S.; Ghotbabadi, S.H. (2021). Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome with Features of Atypical Kawasaki Disease during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Case Reports in Pediatrics, 2021, 9950588.

[38] Sharma, C. et al. (2021). Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children and Kawasaki disease: a critical comparison. Nature Reviews: Rheumatology, 17 (12), 731-748.

[39] Turnier, J. L. et al. (2015). Concurrent Respiratory Viruses and Kawasaki Disease. Pediatrics, 136 (3), e609–e614.

[40] Uehara, R.; Belay, E. D. (2012). Epidemiology of Kawasaki Disease in Asia, Europe, and the United States. Journal of Epidemiology, 22 (2), 79–85.

[41] Verdoni, L. et al. (2020). An outbreak of severe Kawasaki-like disease at the Italian epicentre of the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic: an observational cohort study. Lancet, 395(10239):1771-1778.

[42] Xu, H. et al. (2020). High expression of ACE2 receptor of 2019-nCoV on the epithelial cells of oral mucosa. International Journal of Oral Science, 12 (1), 8.

[43] Zhou, P. et al. (2020). A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin. Nature, 579 (7798), 270-273.

[44] Zhu, N. et al. (2020). A Novel Coronavirus from Patients with Pneumonia in China, 2019. New England Journal of Medicine, 382 (8), 727-733.

[45] Zhu, F.; Ang, J. Y. (2021). 2021 Update on the Clinical Management and Diagnosis of Kawasaki Disease. Current Infectious Disease Reports, 23 (3), 3.

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Referências

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