Abstract
The article explores the concept of accountability and its application in public administration, particularly through the Courts of Accounts. Originating from psychology, the term goes beyond simple responsibility, involving commitment to results. The text classifies accountability into three types: governmental, accounting, and personal. In the public sphere, it relates to the accountability and transparency of managers, grounded in the constitutional principle of publicity. The study analyzes the relationship between accountability and the principle of efficiency, highlighting the need to optimize administrative acts with a focus on results. It specifically addresses the role of Courts of Accounts in implementing public health policies, emphasizing their function in external control and oversight of public resources. It concludes that the Courts of Accounts should evaluate not only the form of administrative acts but mainly the results achieved, favoring a collaborative and efficient approach.